<br><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr">On Fri., 30 Sep. 2016, 18:44 Mark Newton, <<a href="mailto:newton@atdot.dotat.org">newton@atdot.dotat.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><br>
It shouldn’t have happened like that: The network was working before the transmission lines fell over, and it’s working now while they’re still on the ground, unrepaired. The question is why it couldn’t work during the state transition, and I expect that’s what most of the upcoming investigation and resulting post-mortem will be concentrating on.<br></blockquote></div><div><br></div><div>When a whole bunch of power suddenly stops being fed into the network by say a toppling tower, the rest of the network has to supply it. Some inter-network feeds trip because they aren't provisioned to provide the sudden relative demand. Remaining generators that could normally scale to handle the load were running at lower power but suddenly found themselves with a much bigger relative demand (ie within a second).</div><div><br></div><div>Just like a car engine, they immediately start to slow down from the increased load. The slowdown caused a frequency shift which turns into a phase shift which is Really Bad News. Protection circuits trip.</div><div><br></div><div>No matter how fast operators react, it always takes some time to turn up the thermal source. That time will be greater than the protection trip time. Thus, state goes on the blink.</div><div><br></div><div>The reason power is restored now despite the towers still being down is that they would have made sure the available generators were cranked to supply the full demand before turning the switch back on.</div><div><br></div><div>(The above is my armchair EE hypothesis but based on casual studying of power systems in general. Plus much of the theory is fundamentally the same as IP networking)</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Bb</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
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