On Wed, Mar 7, 2012 at 9:47 PM, Peter Childs <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:PChilds@internode.com.au">PChilds@internode.com.au</a>></span> wrote:<br><div class="gmail_quote"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<quote><br>
> As with all computer and networking devices, the AS5400 is susceptible to<br>
> the rare occurrence of parity errors in processor memory. Parity errors may<br></blockquote><div><br>These excuses may seem far-fetched, and I used to get a lot of
unbelieving looks when I gave this excuse when I was an engineer at Sun -
but the simple fact is that it IS true.<br>
<br>
And by true, what I mean is that cosmic rays can and do cause bits to
flip, especially in the type of memory used in CPU caches. What may or
may not be true is if any specific occurrence was due to cosmic rays -
because obviously there's no way to prove that one way or another!<br>
<br>
Sun learnt this the hard way when they released their "UltraSPARC"
processors many years ago. During the design phase they chose to take
the cheaper/faster path of using Parity for the on-chip cache, which
means that errors could be detected, but not corrected. This approach
had worked perfectly in previous models, but in the UltraSPARCs the
faster, larger and higher density cache became very susceptible to
bit flips as a result of a number factors - with cosmic rays being a
suspected cause of many such errors.<br>
<br>
At the end of the day, the fault in these cases is in the vendors choice
of using parity memory rather than ECC memory. The "cosmic rays"
defense is really just them admitting that their hardware can't handle
normal environmental circumstances. (Sun moved to mirrored caches
and/or ECC to avoid such issues!)<br>
<br>
Even PC manufacturers learnt the error in their ways with using parity
memory many, many years ago. Of course they took the opposite approach
and just removed the parity. You can't get parity errors if you don't
have parity - and you can always just blame the resulting crash on
Microsoft!!<br>
<br>So if your computer crashes in the next day or two, blame the manufacturer, not Microsoft... (If you're using a Mac.. well..)<br><br>
Scott<br></div></div>